However using light to find one’s own way around requires vastly more energy, since the eyes have to detect the tiny fraction of the light that bounces off each part of the scene. This doesn’t require a prohibitive amount of energy: a male’s tiny pinprick of light can be seen by a female from some distance on a dark night, since her eyes are exposed directly to the light source itself. Fireflies use their light for attracting mates. Fireflies and some fish (usually with the help of bacteria) have the power to manufacture their own light, but the process seems to consume a large amount of energy.
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Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible.Ĭ Given the questions of how to manoeuvre in the dark, what solutions might an engineer consider? The first one that might occur to him is to manufacture light, to use a lantern or a searchlight. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers.ī Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their prey in the absence of light. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. Cambridge 7 Academic Reading Test 1 with Answers | Let’s Go Bats | Making Every Drop Count | Educating PsycheĬambridge 7 Academic Reading Test 1 – Section 1Ī Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark.
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